Lecture 1 - 8/24: Chemical Components of Cells Today's reading: Chapter 2 pp 37-60. Reading for next lecture: Chapter 2 pp 60-73. Key words: REDUCTIONISM and RECONSTITUTION MOLECULAR MACHINES SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOUR MAIN ELEMENTS MOLECULES: SMALL and LARGE (MONOMER vs POLYMER) COVALENT and NON-COVALENT BONDS: WATER: FOUR MAIN BUILDING BLOCKS: SUGARS (CARBOHYDRATES): CO2+H2O+energy -> Cn(H2O)n+O2 (synthesis) Cn(H2O)n+O2 -> CO2+H2O+energy (metabolism) source: mostly plants by photosynthesis and liver by gluconeogenesis FATTY ACIDS and PHOSPHOLIPIDS: long hydrocarbon tail(s) [NON-POLAR] and carboxylic acid or ester head [POLAR] source-plants and animals make their own. Some are exclusively made by plants. AMINO ACIDS: H2N-CHR-COOH. Twenty naturally occurring, all are chiral (L). Used for making proteins-the working elements of the cell. source: plants and animals make their own. Some are exclusively made by plants. NUCLEIC ACIDS: Cyclic aromatic base, ribose sugar and phosphoester. Used for information storage, energy storage, and molecular storage source: Non-essential, we make their own.