Lecture 3 - 8/31: Energy, catalysis and biosynthesis I
Today's reading: Chapter 3 pp 77-94.
Reading for next lecture: Chapter 3 pp 94-106.
Key words:
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: In a closed system, things tend toward disorder
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMIC: In a closed system, there is a conservation of energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: light energy+CO2+H20 -> sugars+O2+heat energy
RESPIRATION:  sugars+O2 -> CO2+H20+chemical energy
ACTIVATION ENERGY
FREE ENERGY
ENERGETICALLY FAVORABLE and UNFAVORABLE REACTIONS
ENZYMES and CATALYSTS
SUBSTRATE -> PRODUCT
ACTIVE SITE
DIFFUSION
COUPLING UNFAVORABLE REACTION to FAVORABLE REACTIONS
ATP + H20 -> ADP + Pi                           deltaG = -7.3 kcal/mole
sucrose + H20 -> glucose + fructose             deltaG = -5.5 kcal/mole
glucose + ATP -> glucose-1-P + ADP             }
                                               }deltaG = -1.8 kcal/mole
glucose-1-P + fructose -> sucrose + Pi         }
Another example:
glutamic acid + NH3 -> glutamine + H20  unfavorable
glutamic acid + ATP -> glutamyl-P + ADP  favorable
glutamyl-P + NH2 -> glutamine + Pi  favorable