| After reading this chapter you should be able to:  Classify the amino acids based on their chemical structure and charge.Explain the meaning of the terms, pKa and pI, as they apply to amino acids and proteins.Describe the elements of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.Describe the principles of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, and electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, and describe their application in protein isolation and characterization.Explain the principle of MALDI and electrospray mass spectrometry and its application to proteomics. |