| 38 Membrane Receptors and Signal Transduction
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After reading this chapter you should be able to:
- Distinguish between steroid and polypeptide hormones, and outline their mechanisms of action.
- Describe G-protein-coupled receptors.
- Outline the activation of downstream intracellular signaling cascades by heterotrimeric G-proteins.
- Discuss the generation of second messengers such as cyclic AMP, IP3, DAG and Ca2+, and explain how they activate key protein kinases.
- Explain how phospholipases generate a diverse array of lipid second messengers.
- Discuss how the generation of a variety of second messengers can amplify hormone signals and lead to the generation of specific biological responses.
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