| The caloric value of nutrients
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Table 21-2.
Physical activity ratios for different types of activities. |
| Body_ID: None |
| Energy expenditure during physical activity |
| Body_ID: T021002.50 |
Physical
Activity
Ratio | Activity |
| Body_ID: T021002.100 |
| 1.0-1.4 | Watching TV, reading, writing |
| Body_ID: T021002.150 |
| 1.5-1.8 | Washing dishes, ironing |
| Body_ID: T021002.200 |
| 1.9-2.4 | Dusting and cleaning, cooking |
| Body_ID: T021002.250 |
| 2.5-3.3 | Dressing and undressing, making beds, walking slowly |
| Body_ID: T021002.300 |
| 3.4-4.4 | Cleaning windows, golf, carpentry |
| Body_ID: T021002.350 |
| 4.5-5.9 | Volley ball, fast walk, dancing, slow jogging, digging and shovelling |
| Body_ID: T021002.400 |
| 6.0-7.9 | Climbing stairs, cycling, football, skiing |
| Body_ID: T021002.450 |
|
| Body_ID: T021002.500 |
The physical activity ratio is expressed as a multiple of the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Data from Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom; Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, London: TSO 2003.
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Table 21-3.
Estimated average requirements (EAR) for energy for selected age and sex groups. |
| Body_ID: None |
| Daily energy requirements for selected age and sex groups |
| Body_ID: T021003.50 |
| Age | EAR kcal/d (mJ)
males | females |
| Body_ID: T021003.100 |
| 0-3 months | 545 (2.28) | 515 (2.16) |
| Body_ID: T021003.150 |
| 4-6 months | 690 (2.89) | 645 (2.69) |
| Body_ID: T021003.200 |
| 4-6 years | 1,715 (7.16) | 1,545 (6.46) |
| Body_ID: T021003.250 |
| 15-18 years | 2,755 (11.51) | 2,110 (8.83) |
| Body_ID: T021003.300 |
| 19-50 years | 2,550 (10.60) | 1.940 (8.10) |
| Body_ID: T021003.350 |
| 75+ years | 2,100 (8.77) | 1.810 (7.61) |
| Body_ID: T021003.400 |
|
| Body_ID: T021003.450 |
Data from Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom; Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy, London: TSO 2003.
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Table 21-4.
Caloric content of the main classes of nutrients. |
| Body_ID: None |
| Caloric content of nutrients |
| Body_ID: T021004.50 |
| Nutrient | Energy kJ | kcal/g |
| Body_ID: T021004.100 |
| Starch | 17 | 4 |
| Body_ID: T021004.150 |
Glucose | 17 | 4 |
| Body_ID: T021004.200 |
| Fat | 37 | 9 |
| Body_ID: T021004.250 |
| Protein | 17 | 4 |
| Body_ID: T021004.300 |
| Alcohol | 30 | 7 |
| Body_ID: T021004.350 |
|
| Body_ID: T021004.400 |
(1kJ = 239cal; 1kcal = 4.184kJ).
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| page 304 |  | | page 305 |
| The caloric value of the main classes of nutrients is given in Table 21.4. Fat is the most energy-dense substrate yielding
9 kcal/g (37 kJ) and carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 kcal/g (17 kJ). Note that alcohol also contributes significantly to energy production 7 kcal/g (29 kJ).
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