After reading this chapter you should be able to:
- Classify the amino acids
 based on their chemical structure and charge. - Explain the meaning of the terms, pKa and pI, as they apply to amino acids and proteins.
- Describe the elements of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins.
- Describe the principles of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, and electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, and describe their application in protein isolation and characterization.
- Explain the principle of MALDI and electrospray mass spectrometry and its application to proteomics.
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