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| Figure 21.3 The functions of nutrients. All main classes of nutrients can be used to produce energy, and all contribute to the synthesis of more complex compounds. The main role of vitamins and minerals is participation in enzymatic reactions. Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes: refer to Chapter 38 Glycolypids: Chapter 26. Glycoproteins: Chapter 25. |
| Carbohydrates, like fats, are a primary energy source. They also are precursors of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and mucopolysaccharides. Dietary carbohydrates include refined carbohydrates such as sucrose contained in sweets or drinks and fruit juices, and complex carbohydrates such as starch, which are the component of grains and potatoes. Fiber consists of carbohydrates which are indigestible by the human gut and includes cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and beta-glucan. Fibre is present in unprocessed cereals, legumes,
vegetables, and fruits. The main role of fiber is to regulate gut transit and motility.
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