| The factors contributing to the development of malnutrition in renal failure (uremia, see Chapter 22) include, in addition to nutrient intake, increased catabolism, chronic inflammation, and endocrine changes.
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Table 21-9.
The levels of nutritional support. |
| Body_ID: None |
| Levels of nutritional support |
| Body_ID: T021009.50 |
| Levels of nutritional support |
| Body_ID: T021009.100 |
| Special diets |
| Body_ID: T021009.150 |
| Assistance with eating |
| Body_ID: T021009.200 |
| Enteral nutrition (feeding through different feeding tubes: nasogastric, nasoduodenal; |
| Body_ID: T021009.250 |
| gastrostomy and jejunostomy) |
| Body_ID: T021009.300 |
| Parenteral nutrition |
| Body_ID: T021009.350 |
| |
| Body_ID: T021009.400 |
Nutritional support ranges from simple measures such as assistance with meals, to an intravenous provision of all nutrients. The higher level of support should only be instituted if the lower level is not effective.
|
| Maintaining adequate protein and energy intake is important and low-potassium, low-phosphate diet is recommended due to the tendency to retain potassium and phosphate when renal function deteriorates.
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